Gaining employment is one of the rehabilitation goals for disabled persons. Although the Japanese government has established a legal employment quota requiring employers to hire disabled persons, the employment of disabled persons has not yet been satisfactorily facilitated. Since employment opportunities vary by district, the employment status of disabled persons could be affected by their location. We classified 22 administrative service districts of Niigata City into 3 district-groups—urban, residential, and rural—by their geodemographic features. Then, the employment status of 2,034 physically disabled subjects (1,181 men and 853 women) aged 20–64 years was analyzed in relation to the geodemographic characteristics of their living districts. According to a questionnaire survey, the probability of being a regular employee was low for disabled women living in a residential area compared to those living in an urban area (multivariable odds ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.21–0.79; P = 0.008). Low employment capacity was a characteristic of the residential area, which seemed to account for this low probability. However, the low employment capacity of the rural area did not affect the employment status of the physically disabled subjects who lived in those districts. The demographic features of the rural area suggested that the residents had a stronger attachment to the local community than with other areas, which might help disabled persons to be employed. In planning and providing employment support to disabled persons, the government may need to consider their residential distributions.