縄文時代に植物栽培が行われたことは，すべての人が認めるものではないが，今日的な研究成果をみれば，栽培の規模の大小や形態は別として，ほぼ揺るぎないことと思われる。今日の実証的研究の成果によると，縄文時代に栽培されていた植物は，農学や地理学で提唱された照葉樹林文化論や縄文農耕論で想定されていたような作物ではなく，我が国に起源をもつダイズやアズキなどのマメ類やヒエであった。この意味でも，縄文文化は狩猟採集だけを生業にした文化ではなく，植物栽培も取り込んだ多角的な生業戦略を行っていた文化といえる。この点では，朝鮮半島の新石器文化にも相通じる部分がある。本論は朝鮮半島南部の新石器時代における栽培植物の起源と伝播を圧痕レプリカ法による調査成果から検証することを主たる目的するが，栽培植物の受容の在り方についての朝鮮半島・日本列島両地域の共通性，さらには，海峡を越えた大陸系穀物の伝播が縄文時代にあったのか否かについても検討し，その背景となった海峡を挟んだ両地域の交流形態について考察する。東三洞貝塚をはじめとする朝鮮半島東南部の新石器時代の遺跡から発見された既存資料（炭化穀物）を1000～1500年遡るキビやアワの圧痕は，これまでの華北型雑穀農耕の伝播と受容のシステムに関する仮説を覆した。それは，寒冷化による人の移動を伴う農耕パッケージの伝播ではなく，玉突き的な穀物と技術の伝播拡散によるものと推定される。この地において，雑穀栽培は狩猟採集経済を軸とした生業の一部として，アワ・キビは貯蔵が可能な食糧の一つとして，無理なく受容され，地域的に発達したものと考えられる。この雑穀農耕の日本列島への伝播の痕跡は現在のところ認められない。それは両地域の交流が，漁民を通じた情報の伝達を主たるものとし，土器を保持した人や集団の移動ではなかったことを意味している。そのような農耕の伝播形態は両地域においては青銅器時代（弥生時代）以降にみられるものである。Previously the cultivation of plants in the Jomon period was not entirely accepted, but when contemporary research results are examined, apart from the actual scale and type of cultivation, it now appears to be safely confirmed that agriculture was practiced in this period. According to the empirical research results, the plants grown in the Jomon period were Japanese barnyard millet and several varieties of beans such as soy or adzuki, which originated in Japan, not crops usually included in the farming theories presented for the Jomon period, which have been influenced by theories hypothesizing the East Asian evergreen forest culture advocated by geographists and agricultural scientists. In view of the evidence, it may be claimed that the Jomon culture was not just limited to a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, but a culture with diverse living strategies incorporating plant cultivation; it has certain aspects in common with the Neolithic culture of the Korean Peninsula.Based on the impression replica investigations, the main purpose of this paper is to verify the origins and spread of domesticated plants in the Neolithic age in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. It also examines common traits shared by both regions concerning the acceptance of domesticated plants, and whether Asian continental grains were spread over the strait in the Jomon period, before considering the nature of any interchange between both regions on either side of the strait, which makes up the background to this spread.The impressions of common and foxtail millet discovered from the Neolithic age sites located in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, including the Dongsam-dong Shell-Midden, were found to be 1,000 to 1,500 years older than the dating established by the previous evidence of carbonized grains, thus overturning the earlier hypothesis concerning the system of spread and acceptance of the North China-style of millet agriculture. It was not spread as part of an agricultural package accompanied by human migration due to a cooling climate; it is presumed to be rather like a chain-reaction of events and due to the spread and proliferation of grain agriculture and related techniques. It is possible to consider that although a hunter-gatherer economy was the main subsistence of this region, the millet cultivation was naturally accepted as a part of subsistence strategy, and foxtail and common millets were locally developed as foodstuffs that can be stored.Presently, there is no evidence supporting the spread of this millet agriculture to the Japanese Islands. This means that the interchange between both regions was mainly made by interaction among fishing communities; it was not made by the migration of people or groups that used pottery. In both regions the spread of farming through migration can be found in and after the Bronze Age (Yayoi period).