近年，圧痕法の進展により，水洗選別によって得られた植物資料と，土器圧痕として検出された資料の組成には差異があることが指摘され始め，遺跡本来の植物利用や周辺の植物相を把握するためには，植物遺体のみでなく圧痕資料も加味する必要性があると意識され始めた。本稿は，下宅部遺跡出土の縄文土器の圧痕調査を行ない，本遺跡で利用された植物を土器圧痕から検討したものである。また，下宅部遺跡に近接し，同時期の遺跡と評価されている日向北遺跡についても土器圧痕調査を行ない，低湿地遺跡と低湿地から離れた台地上の遺跡という立地の異なる遺跡間での圧痕資料の組成を比較した。その結果，両遺跡においても植物遺体として検出された大型植物種実よりも小型の植物種実を圧痕として検出することができた。また，下宅部遺跡では植物遺体では確認されていない時期のダイズ属圧痕を確認し，縄文時代中期中葉～後期中葉の間は連続的にマメ科植物が利用されていたことを明らかにした。下宅部遺跡と日向北遺跡では一致した資料がなく，両遺跡の有意的な関係性は読み取れなかった。また，下宅部遺跡では注口土器の把手接合部からダイズ属子葉がみつかり，意図的な混入の可能性が示唆された。圧痕混入の意図についてはまだ十分な議論が必要であるが，このような圧痕資料の特殊な傾向が明らかになってきたのは，最近の土器圧痕調査の進展による成果といえよう。今回の検討でも，遺跡全体における利用植物の実態把握には複数の回収法によって得られた資料間の比較が重要であること，それらの資料から総合的に利用植物を判断する作業が必要であることを追認した。
In recent years, thanks to the development of the impression method, differences have been found between the plant evidence obtained by water-rinsing selection and the composition of materials found by earthenware impressions. In order to understand the flora surrounding the site, and the use of plants by its inhabitants, researchers are increasingly aware of the need to take into account impression materials as well as plant residues. We conducted impression research of Jomon ware excavated from the Shimo-yakebe site, and this paper examines the plants used in the site from earthenware impressions. We also conducted earthenware impression investigation for the same period Hinata-kita site, adjacent to the Shimo-yakebe site; the purpose was to compare the composition of the impression materials found at the two quite different site locations, one on a low swamp, and the other located on high ground, a short distance away.In both sites, small-sized seeds were detected as impressions, rather than large-sized plant seeds detected as plant residues. Moreover, in the Shimo-yakebe site, impressions of the genus Glycine (soy beans) were confirmed for periods that had not yielded such plant residue evidence previously, and it was revealed that during the period from mid-middle to mid-late Jomon, legumes were continuously used. The Shimo-yakebe site and Hinata-kita site had no common materials; therefore, no significant association between the sites was noticed. In addition, in the Shimo-yakebe site, bean cotyledons of genus Glycine were found at the handle joint of an earthenware container with a spout, which suggested the possibility of an intentional mixture. The reason for such a mixture still requires more discussion; however, it can be said that the clarification of such special characteristics of impression materials has been achieved by the development of recent earthenware impression investigation.The examination confirmed that in order to understand the actual state of plant use in an entire site, it is important to compare the materials obtained through several collection methods, and comprehensively assess plant use.
source:https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun8/index.html#no187