Three novel isolates of haloalkaliphilic archaea, strains IHC-005(T), IHC-010, and N-1311(T), from soda lakes in Inner Mongolia, China, were characterized to elucidate their taxonomic positions. The three strains were aerobic, Gram-negative chemoorganotrophs growing optimally at 37 - 45 degrees C, pH 9.0 - 9.5, and 15 - 20% NaCl. Cells of strains IHC-005(T)/IHC-010 were motile rods, while those of strain N-1311(T) were non-motile pleomorphic flats or cocci. The three strains contained diphytanyl and phytanyl-sesterterpanyl diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerophosphate methyl ester. No glycolipids were detected. On phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, they formed an independent cluster in the Natro group of the family Halobacteriaceae. Comparison of their morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties, DNA G+C content and 16S rRNA gene sequences, and DNA-DNA hybridization study support the view that strains IHC-005(T)/ IHC-010 and strain N-1311(T) represent separate species. Therefore, we propose Natronolimnobius baerhuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. for strains IHC-005(T) (= CGMCC 1.3597(T) = JCM 12253(T))/ IHC-010 (= CGMCC 1.3598= JCM 12254) and Natronolimnobius innermongolicus sp. nov. for N-1311(T) (= CGMCC 1.2124(T) = JCM 12255(T)).