We report a case of esophageal cancer with a non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve associated with aberrant right subclavian artery that was treated by neck dissection using intraoperative neurological monitoring followed by thoracoscopic esophagectomy. A 76-year-old man had dysphagia. Endoscopy revealed thoracic esophageal cancer, and computed tomography revealed the presence of an aberrant right subclavian artery between the esophagus and vertebrae. We performed neck dissection followed by thoracoscopic esophagectomy. During the neck dissection, we confirmed a non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve through intraoperative neurological monitoring. No postoperative complications were observed, and the patient was discharged 19 days after surgery. We recommend using intraoperative neurological monitoring to avoid injury to the non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve associated with the aberrant right subclavian artery.