Nuclear resonant scattering spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation (SR) has been applied to a wide variety of scientific applications. An excellent feature of this method is that element (isotope)-specific information on the electronic and phonon states can be obtained using the energy selectivity of SR. The use of high-brilliance SR as an excitation source for Mossbauer spectroscopy allows imaging measurement under extreme conditions, such as high pressures, very high or low temperatures, and strong external magnetic fields. Additionally, diffusion and fluctuation of atoms can be observed by taking advantage of the ultranarrow width of the nuclear excited states. We introduced the concepts of the methods with an emphasis on these excellent features. Furthermore, the unique features involved in the measurements are highlighted and discussed.