A review is presented on attempts to understand turbulence by using high-performance computing. An emphasis is puton the study of turbulence by the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of incompressible turbulence in a periodic boxwith the number of grid points up to 4096³. The DNS data shed some light on the basic questions on the statisticsof turbulence at high Reynolds number Re. The statistics include (i) the normalized mean rate of kinetic energydissipation in the limit Re→→, (ii) the energy spectrum in the universal equilibrium range, (iii) intermittency of thenergy dissipation rate, and (iv) energy transfer from large to small scales.