The bilayer phase transitions of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), containing two linear acyl chains with 12 carbon atoms, were observed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under ambient pressure and light transmittance under high pressure. When the heating scan for the DLPC bilayer in 50 wt.% aqueous ethylene glycol (EG) solution began at -30 degrees C after cold storage, the DSC thermogram showed two endothermic peaks at 1.7 and 4.5 degrees C, which correspond to the transition from the lamellar crystalline (L(c)) phase to the intermediate liquid crystalline (L(x)) phase and the transition from the L(x) phase to the liquid crystalline (L(alpha)) phase, respectively. Extremely large enthalpy change (32.9 kJ mol(-1)) is characteristic of the L(c)/L(x) phase transition. The DSC thermogram for the heating scan beginning from -10 degrees C showed a single endothermic peak with 9.2 kJ mol(-1) at -0.4 degrees C, which was assigned as the so-called main transition between the metastable ripple gel (P(beta)') and metastable L(alpha) phases. The DLPC bilayer under high pressure underwent three kinds of transitions in EG solution, whereas only one transition was observed in water under high pressure. The middle-temperature transition in EG solution could be assigned to the main transition because of its consistency with the main transition in water. The lower-temperature transition is probably assigned as transition from the L(c) phase to the P(beta)' phase. Since the slope (dT/dp) of the L(c)/P(beta)' phase boundary is smaller than that for the main transition, the L(c)/P(beta)' phase boundary and the main transition curves crossed each other at 40 MPa on the temperature-pressure phase diagram. The higher-temperature transition in EG solution refers to the transition from the L(x) phase to the L(alpha) phase. The L(x) phase disappeared at about 180 MPa, and the direct transition from the P(beta)' phase to the L(alpha) phase was observed at high pressures above 180 MPa. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.