椎名 智彦

専攻：米国法思想，比較法

Areas of Interest: American Legal Thoughts, Comparative Law

1．米国法思想については，リアリズム法学およびプロセス法学。両者に通底する法道具主義的発想：法を社会的目的を達成するための手段や装置と考える，実利的でドライな思考方法に関心がある。

        Among rich and diverse ideas of American legal theories, my current research specifically focuses upon American Legal Realism and the Legal Process. Both share an instrumentalist stance towards law, seeing its essence as a means to achieve social end. This modern perspective is considered to be uniquely American, mirroring the pragmatist philosophy of Pierce, James and Dewey.

２．比較法については，① 日本における米国法の継受，および② 比較法原論の現代的課題に関心がある。

　　While not directly related to the study of American legal thoughts, ① transplant of American law into Japan and ② the decline of West-centered doctrinal framework are two of the most vital subjects for my comparative law research.

① 米国法の継受は，GHQによる戦後処理の一環であったが，単なる実定的制度の変更を超えた精神史的側面をもっている。また近時，米国法そのものの変容に伴って，日本法学における〈米国法離れ〉ともいえる現象もみられる。この過程を適切に把握することは極めて重要な課題である。

　    Although 'Americanization' of Japanese law was a crucial part of after-war governance by the General Headquarter, it had a profound impact not only upon the whole structure of legal system but also upon the collective consciousness about rightness and justice that Japanese nation had held for centuries.  Meanwhile, it is observed that due to the unexpected deformation of liberal politics in the United States, American model is becoming normatively less appealing to Japanese juristic community than before. From legal-historical viewpoint, this recent 'de-Americanization' of Japanese legal mentality needs to be thoroughly approached from multiple angles.

② 西欧諸国間の比較を中心に展開した比較法学は，20世紀後半以降，非西洋諸国が政治・経済の面でプレゼンスを高めることによって時代遅れのものとなった。例えば，法多元主義論による規範的な問題提起を比較法学はどのように受け止めるか。単なる記述を超えた比較法の在り方に関心がある。

       Due to rapidly growing political-economical presence of the third-world countries since the latter half of the twentieth century, the traditional Euro-centered discourse of comparative law has become outdated in informational as well as normative terms. The emergence of global legal pluralism casts a serious doubt about practical applicability of state-law-dominated method of 'mainstream' view. Comparative study of law needs to be doctrinally updated to openly accomodate a value-laden nature of itself.

2022年4月から2023年2月まで，カナダ西海岸のブリティッシュ・コロンビア州アボツフォード市を拠点に活動。