2015年12月
Den strategiska forskningens frontlinjer –en omvärldsanalys av internationella finansiärers inriktning och stödinstrument (English title: “The front line of strategic research – an analysis of international financiers' focus and support instruments”)
Growth Policy Analysis Report
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回数 : 48
- 記述言語
- スウェーデン語
- 掲載種別
- 研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）
- 出版者・発行元
- Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis
総ページ数：133ページ
児玉徹を含む執筆担当者リスト：P3を参照
児玉徹の執筆担当箇所：84-94ページのSection 4.3: Japan. Niklas Kviselius (Analyst, Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis／駐日スウェーデン大使館科学イノベーション部参事官) とともに同Sectionを執筆. 英語で執筆したものがスウェーデン語に翻訳された.
内容：本稿の目的は、イノベーション推進を目的とする競争的な研究開発資金を供給する機関の戦略、とくに将来有望な技術革新分野をどのように推測し、その分野に対して如何に重点的に競争的研究開発資金を配分していくべきかという点に係る戦略を探ることにある。この目的のために本リサーチペーパーにおいては、日本、アメリカ、中国、韓国、インドにあるイノベーション推進を目的とした代表的な競争的研究開発資金供給機関の活動に着目し、当該機関が実践する当該戦略を比較分析した。
児玉徹は、日本に関するSection 4.3を執筆するために、Niklas Kviseliusとともに、JST（科学技術振興機構）、CRDS（研究開発戦略センター）、NISTEP（科学技術・学術政策研究所）、内閣府のImPACT プログラム推進部局をそれぞれ訪問し、政策担当者に対してインタビューを実施。そのインタビュー結果や関連資料をもとに、Section 4.3を執筆した。
本リサーチペーパーのPDFヴァージョンは下記URLよりダウンロード可能
＜本リサーチペーパーの要約（以下URLのウェブサイトに掲載されているものの抜粋）＞
The front line of strategic research
– an analysis of international financiers' focus and support instruments
Growth Analysis has been commissioned by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) to perform an international policy intelligence analysis that describes future strategic research. The time perspective covers the next 5–10 years.
The report describe the future of strategic research, focusing on:
1. strategies and control
2. prioritised areas
3. support instruments.
Strategic research has become an increasingly important area. Countries such as China and South Korea are making significant efforts to develop their research systems. Even greater regeneration is taking place outside of the pure research policy field, at the boundary with other areas. Research policy is being twinned with industrial policy in order to stimulate growth, and with the development of the public sector in order to address social challenges. To some extent, strategic research has consequently grown beyond its traditional strategies, control forms and support instruments.
From an international perspective, there is clear focus on the research becoming increasingly strategic, and hence also on the search for new support instruments. The hope is to be able to create a bridge between basic research and commercialisation, and to reduce the time it takes e.g. for a new product to reach the market.
Increased flexibility requires shorter planning horizons
The results from the policy intelligence analysis show that most research financiers have relatively short planning horizons of around 3–5 years. The future focus of the financiers is governed to a large extent by the countries' political agendas, which normally follow 3–5 year cycles. Short planning horizons make it possible for the financiers to quickly alter their strategies in order to meet new requirements. The majority of the financiers want to have a more flexible and more efficient financing system. This appears to be linked to the growing pressure for change in an increasingly complex and rapidly changing world.
Balance between basic research and needs-driven research
The policy intelligence analysis also shows how the research financiers are constantly balancing the Government's research priorities on the one hand with free research on the other, where the researchers themselves determine the focus and where funds are granted based on the peer review system. In order to receive state research funds, the financiers often need to demonstrate that they will implement political priorities in their efforts. When the political priorities change, existing research funds are often diverted so that a new political focus can be implemented. In China and South Korea, for example, major research policy changes are currently being implemented, which will also alter large parts of the financing system.
Broad themes rather than specific research areas
A large proportion of the research priorities included in the financiers' strategies can be traced to the relevant country's political regulatory documents. The areas that are highlighted in the political regulatory documents are broad, and in some cases have the character of social challenges rather than demarcated subject areas. This means that the financiers in turn seldom prioritise clearly demarcated subject areas in their strategies, but rather formulate broad national challenges in order to simplify communication with the political sphere and demonstrate that policies are being implemented.
The results from the policy intelligence analysis show that the recurring broad themes are:
• digital transformation
• greener materials and production
• life sciences that focus on complex, care-intensive areas.
At the same time, there is a dualism in the descriptions of which priorities are important. On the one side, the themes and broad areas that are put forward in the research policy are important. On the other side, a large proportion of the financiers state that they want to be more flexible in the future and to reprioritise existing funds when the need arises. In the event the financiers' future priorities are significantly affected by political priorities, the process is described as "top-down". When the focus of the research that the financiers intend to support in future is largely determined by the researchers themselves, the process is described as "bottom-up". The intelligence analysis shows that the prioritisation processes are complex and have both "top-down" and "bottom-up" elements at the same time.
Decoupling between strategies and support instruments
The evidence presented in this report indicates that there is often a fairly clear link between the controlling policy documents and the financiers' strategies, but that there is a lack of coherence with the support instruments. There is a decoupling between strategies and support instruments. In general, the strategies are more innovative than the support instruments. Despite this, the analysis shows that most financiers will not be renewing their support instruments to any great extent over the upcoming 5–10 year period.
Considerable need for new support instruments for utilisation
The financiers' rhetoric regarding the search for new support instruments is increasing as the research becomes more and more strategic. The hope within the strategies is often to be able to create a bridge between basic research and commercialisation, in order to reduce the time it takes for a new product to reach the market. This means increased demands for results, produced within the framework of the various types of support instruments, achieving commercialisation and thereby contributing to economic growth.
The areas being discussed in the future strategies, but that have not yet been implemented fully in the support instruments, include:
• PPP collaborations with both large and small companies
• societal challenges that require participation from many different players, such as companies, the public sector and multi-disciplinary research teams
• the design of strategic research initiatives that are able to create a bridge to commercialisation
• recruitment of talented programme leaders
• definition of research questions together with relevant stakeholders, such as citizens, patients, users and companies.
児玉徹を含む執筆担当者リスト：P3を参照
児玉徹の執筆担当箇所：84-94ページのSection 4.3: Japan. Niklas Kviselius (Analyst, Swedish Agency for Growth Policy Analysis／駐日スウェーデン大使館科学イノベーション部参事官) とともに同Sectionを執筆. 英語で執筆したものがスウェーデン語に翻訳された.
内容：本稿の目的は、イノベーション推進を目的とする競争的な研究開発資金を供給する機関の戦略、とくに将来有望な技術革新分野をどのように推測し、その分野に対して如何に重点的に競争的研究開発資金を配分していくべきかという点に係る戦略を探ることにある。この目的のために本リサーチペーパーにおいては、日本、アメリカ、中国、韓国、インドにあるイノベーション推進を目的とした代表的な競争的研究開発資金供給機関の活動に着目し、当該機関が実践する当該戦略を比較分析した。
児玉徹は、日本に関するSection 4.3を執筆するために、Niklas Kviseliusとともに、JST（科学技術振興機構）、CRDS（研究開発戦略センター）、NISTEP（科学技術・学術政策研究所）、内閣府のImPACT プログラム推進部局をそれぞれ訪問し、政策担当者に対してインタビューを実施。そのインタビュー結果や関連資料をもとに、Section 4.3を執筆した。
本リサーチペーパーのPDFヴァージョンは下記URLよりダウンロード可能
＜本リサーチペーパーの要約（以下URLのウェブサイトに掲載されているものの抜粋）＞
The front line of strategic research
– an analysis of international financiers' focus and support instruments
Growth Analysis has been commissioned by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) to perform an international policy intelligence analysis that describes future strategic research. The time perspective covers the next 5–10 years.
The report describe the future of strategic research, focusing on:
1. strategies and control
2. prioritised areas
3. support instruments.
Strategic research has become an increasingly important area. Countries such as China and South Korea are making significant efforts to develop their research systems. Even greater regeneration is taking place outside of the pure research policy field, at the boundary with other areas. Research policy is being twinned with industrial policy in order to stimulate growth, and with the development of the public sector in order to address social challenges. To some extent, strategic research has consequently grown beyond its traditional strategies, control forms and support instruments.
From an international perspective, there is clear focus on the research becoming increasingly strategic, and hence also on the search for new support instruments. The hope is to be able to create a bridge between basic research and commercialisation, and to reduce the time it takes e.g. for a new product to reach the market.
Increased flexibility requires shorter planning horizons
The results from the policy intelligence analysis show that most research financiers have relatively short planning horizons of around 3–5 years. The future focus of the financiers is governed to a large extent by the countries' political agendas, which normally follow 3–5 year cycles. Short planning horizons make it possible for the financiers to quickly alter their strategies in order to meet new requirements. The majority of the financiers want to have a more flexible and more efficient financing system. This appears to be linked to the growing pressure for change in an increasingly complex and rapidly changing world.
Balance between basic research and needs-driven research
The policy intelligence analysis also shows how the research financiers are constantly balancing the Government's research priorities on the one hand with free research on the other, where the researchers themselves determine the focus and where funds are granted based on the peer review system. In order to receive state research funds, the financiers often need to demonstrate that they will implement political priorities in their efforts. When the political priorities change, existing research funds are often diverted so that a new political focus can be implemented. In China and South Korea, for example, major research policy changes are currently being implemented, which will also alter large parts of the financing system.
Broad themes rather than specific research areas
A large proportion of the research priorities included in the financiers' strategies can be traced to the relevant country's political regulatory documents. The areas that are highlighted in the political regulatory documents are broad, and in some cases have the character of social challenges rather than demarcated subject areas. This means that the financiers in turn seldom prioritise clearly demarcated subject areas in their strategies, but rather formulate broad national challenges in order to simplify communication with the political sphere and demonstrate that policies are being implemented.
The results from the policy intelligence analysis show that the recurring broad themes are:
• digital transformation
• greener materials and production
• life sciences that focus on complex, care-intensive areas.
At the same time, there is a dualism in the descriptions of which priorities are important. On the one side, the themes and broad areas that are put forward in the research policy are important. On the other side, a large proportion of the financiers state that they want to be more flexible in the future and to reprioritise existing funds when the need arises. In the event the financiers' future priorities are significantly affected by political priorities, the process is described as "top-down". When the focus of the research that the financiers intend to support in future is largely determined by the researchers themselves, the process is described as "bottom-up". The intelligence analysis shows that the prioritisation processes are complex and have both "top-down" and "bottom-up" elements at the same time.
Decoupling between strategies and support instruments
The evidence presented in this report indicates that there is often a fairly clear link between the controlling policy documents and the financiers' strategies, but that there is a lack of coherence with the support instruments. There is a decoupling between strategies and support instruments. In general, the strategies are more innovative than the support instruments. Despite this, the analysis shows that most financiers will not be renewing their support instruments to any great extent over the upcoming 5–10 year period.
Considerable need for new support instruments for utilisation
The financiers' rhetoric regarding the search for new support instruments is increasing as the research becomes more and more strategic. The hope within the strategies is often to be able to create a bridge between basic research and commercialisation, in order to reduce the time it takes for a new product to reach the market. This means increased demands for results, produced within the framework of the various types of support instruments, achieving commercialisation and thereby contributing to economic growth.
The areas being discussed in the future strategies, but that have not yet been implemented fully in the support instruments, include:
• PPP collaborations with both large and small companies
• societal challenges that require participation from many different players, such as companies, the public sector and multi-disciplinary research teams
• the design of strategic research initiatives that are able to create a bridge to commercialisation
• recruitment of talented programme leaders
• definition of research questions together with relevant stakeholders, such as citizens, patients, users and companies.
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