The use of smartphones has increased the opportunity to communicate on trains. Therefore, the penetration loss by the train structure is an important consideration when designing the radio link in a mobile communications system. In this study, we evaluate the penetration loss of UHF band radio waves on a train. First, we analyzed the penetration loss on the train by electromagnetic field simulation. Then, we measured the penetration loss on the train and compared the results to those of the electromagnetic field simulation. The electromagnetic field simulation and measured results were found to be in good agreement.