The percentage of subjects showing low levels of ankle-brachial systolic pressure index (ABI) was low in a general population but was greatly increased when ABI was measured after leg exercise. The percentage of subjects showing low levels of ABI after leg exercise was significantly higher in current smokers than in lifetime nonsmokers, while the percentages of subjects showing low levels of ABI at rest were comparable in current smokers and lifetime nonsmokers. Therefore, measurement of ABI after leg exercise is useful for finding subclinical patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) among smokers. We proposed cardiometabolic index (CMI) as a new index to discriminate diabetes mellitus. CMI is defined as a product of triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio and weight-to-height ratio. In patients with PAD, CMI and blood uric acid level were associated with leg exercise-induced decrease in ABI and are thus suggested to be useful markers for progression of leg ischemia.