The aim of this study was to compare patient-reported symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) between the Japanese version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (J-OSDI) and the Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-Life Score (DEQS). A total of 169 participants were enrolled between September 2017 and May 2018. Patients were administered the J-OSDI and DEQS questionnaires at their first (baseline) and follow-up visits to evaluate DED-related symptoms. The correlations between the J-OSDI total score and DEQS (Frequency and Degree) scores were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and their clinical differences were assessed using the Bland-Altman analysis. At the baseline visit, the J-OSDI score and DEQS (Frequency and Degree) were significantly correlated (r = 0.855, r = 0.897, respectively). Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the J-OSDI score and DEQS (Frequency and Degree) at the follow-up visit (r = 0.852, r = 0.888, respectively). The Bland-Altman analysis revealed a difference (bias) of 4.18 units at the baseline and 4.08 units at the follow-up between the scores of the two questionnaires. The J-OSDI and DEQS were significantly correlated with negligible score differences, suggesting that the J-OSDI can be reliably used for Japanese patients, allowing for cross-country comparisons.