The relationships between Jaw-closing muscle spindle unit discharge and the hardness of foods were evaluated during chewing in awake rabbits Spindle unit discharges recorded from the left mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus were correlated with the simultaneous recording of jaw movements and electromyo-graphic (EMG) activities of the left masseter (Jaw-closing) muscle during chewing soft and hard foods A chewing cycle was divided Into the fast-closing (FC) slow-closing (SC) and opening (OP) phases according to jaw movements The chewing was classified as ipsilateral and contralateral chewing according to ipsilateral and contralateral to the recording side of the neuron respectively Spindle unit discharge was significantly higher during the FC and SC phases of the hard food than the soft food during both ipsilateral and contralateral chewing The discharge was observed to be higher when the masseter muscle activity was higher A comparison between the chewing sides reveals that the discharge was significantly higher during the slow-closing phase of ipsilateral chewing than contralateral chewing From the above findings the relationship of the spindle unit discharge with the hardness of foods was observed Moreover this relationship exists even when an animal chews food on the contralateral side suggesting the significance of the muscle spindle information for smooth chewing In addition, the phase dependent difference of the spindle unit discharge between chewing sides suggests the distinct roles of the spindle information on the chewing and non-chewing sides (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved