Objective: To compare 8-detector row helical computed tomography (CT) findings with histopathology in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who had undergone living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Materials and Methods: This institutional review board-approved prospective study was performed between February 12, 2003 and November 12, 2004; of the 78 candidates for LDLT due to HCC who underwent preoperative multidetector CT ( MDCT), 48 transplant recipients met our criteria and in 41 of them, HCCs were diagnosed with < 15 lesions on MDCT; these patients represented the study population. Results of preoperative CT were correlated with histopathological results after 5-mm sagittal slicing of the explanted liver. Following the injection of contrast medium ( 2 ml/ kg body weight of 300 mg l/ml), triple-phase contrast-enhanced images were obtained. CT was performed using the following parameters: detector row configuration, 8 ! 1 mm, reconstruction interval, 1 mm, 200 mA s and 120 kVp. Image analysis was performed in consensus by three abdominal radiologists using 1-mm-thick slices with 0.5- mm overlap with paging as well as multiplanar reformatting ( MPR; i. e. axial, coronal and sagittal images). Results: A total of 134 HCCs were identified by pathological examination. The mean lesion size was 21 mm. Sensitivity, positive predictive value and accuracy for HCC detection were 87, 96 and 84% for all lesions, respectively, and 99, 100 and 97% for lesions > 1 cm, respectively, but only 46, 76 and 41% for tumors < 1 cm, respectively ( n = 28). There were 12 false- negative lesions but only 5 false- positive findings. Conclusion: MDCT combined with the paging method and MPR images is very effective in the detection of HCCs 1 1 cm in diameter with a very low false- positive rate. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.