Rat oocytes can be produced artificially by superovulation. Because some strains show low sensitivity to superovulation treatment, in vitro maturation is an alternative method to produce numerous matured oocytes. Furthermore, establishment of an in vitro maturation system with simple culture conditions is cost effective and leads to easy handling of oocytes. This study examined developmental ability of rat germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes maturing in vitro under simple culture conditions. Significantly different numbers of ovulated oocytes reached the second metaphase of meiosis (MII) among Jcl:Wistar (17.0), F344/Stm (31.0), and BN/SsNSlc (2.2) rats in whom superovulation was induced by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin. However, similar numbers of GV oocytes were obtained from ovaries of PMSG-injected Wistar (27.7), F344 (34.7), and BN (24.7) rats. These GV oocytes were cultured in vitro in HTF, αMEM, and a 1:1 HTF + αMEM or TYH + αMEM mixture. High proportions of Wistar and F344 oocytes that matured to MII in αMEM were parthenogenetically activated by strontium chloride treatment (78% and 74%, respectively). Additionally, 10% of matured oocytes of both strains developed into offspring after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer to foster mothers. Although BN oocytes cultured in αMEM could be parthenogenetically activated and developed into offspring, the success rate was lower than that for Wistar and F344 oocytes. This study demonstrated that numerous GV oocytes were produced in rat ovaries by PMSG injection. This simple in vitro maturation system of immature oocytes could be further developed to maintain valuable rat strains experiencing reproductive difficulties.