This project shed light on the diffusions of popular religions which emerged in South and Southwest China during 19th century and their infiltrations in Vietnam. In the project many original religious tracts and sutras published or written in 19th and 20th centuries were found in the temples or pagodas in Vietnam. These documents show us vividly the movements of Chinese and cultural dynamics that occurred in Vietnam. Through these field researches, it became clear that syncretic religions such as Xiantiandao spread from South China played an important role in religious movements such as Caodaism during colonial period.