A pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)-downflow hanging sponge system (DHS) combined with an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and a settling tank (ST) was installed in a natural rubber processing factory in South Vietnam and its process performance was evaluated for 267 days. The UASB reactor achieved a total removal efficiency of 55.6 +/- 16.6% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 77.8 +/- 10.3% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) with an organic loading rate of 1.7 +/- 0.6 kg-COD.m(3).day(1). The final effluent of the proposed system had 140 +/- 64 mg.L-1 of total COD, 31 +/- 12 mg.L-1 of total BOD, and 58 +/- 24 mg-N.L-1 of total nitrogen. The system could significantly reduce 92% of greenhouse gas emissions and 80% of hydraulic retention times compared with current treatment systems. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.