AIMS: Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is proposed to be a promising therapeutic target for hypersensitive bladder disorders. We examined the effects of KPR-2579, a novel selective TRPM8 antagonist, on body temperature and on mechanosensitive bladder single-unit afferent activities (SAAs) provoked by intravesical acetic acid (AA) instillation in rats. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Effects of cumulative intravenous (i.v.) administrations of KPR-2579 (0.03-1 mg/kg) on deep body temperature were investigated (N = 18). In separate animals, effects of bolus administration of KPR-2579 (0.03 or 0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) on bladder hyperactivity induced by intravesical instillation of 0.1% AA were investigated using cystometry (N = 57) in a conscious free-moving condition or urethane-anesthetized condition, and SAA measurements (N = 41) were performed in a urethane-anesthetized condition. RESULTS: KPR-2579 at any doses tested did not affect body temperature. In cystometry measurements, a high dose (0.3 mg/kg) of KPR-2579 counteracted the shortened intercontraction interval provoked by AA instillation. In SAA measurements, 48 single afferent fibers (n = 24 in each fiber) were isolated. AA instillations significantly increased the SAAs of C fibers, but not of Aδ fibers, in the presence of KPR-2579's vehicle and a low dose (0.03 mg/kg) of KPR-2579. Pretreatment with a high dose (0.3 mg/kg) of KPR-2579 significantly inhibited the AA-induced activation of C-fiber SAAs. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that TRPM8 channels play a role in the AA-induced pathological activation of mechanosensitive bladder C fibers in rats. KRP-2579 may be a promising drug for hypersensitive bladder disorders.