In recent years, there has been an increasing trend for legal scholars in Japan to question and reconsider the extreme strictness of electioneering regulations, which has been maintained since the prewar period. Under these circumstances, what is termed Internet electioneering started to garner attention because of its possibility of realizing the two conflicting ideas of the freedom and fairness of elections. On the other hand, Internet electioneering does not necessarily receive an unqualified endorsement from constitutional scholars. In particular, some republican standpoints have inquired whether the Internet diminishes the constitutional guarantees of the democratic process. With regard to such concerns, this article examines the constitutional validity of the development of Internet electioneering in Japanese politics. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press in conjunction with the University of Tokyo. All rights reserved.