Aims: Cilostazol, a type. phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is utilized for the treatment of intermittent claudication and is considered to have the beneficial effects against the atherogenic process. In the present study, we examined the effects of cilostazol on BH4 biosynthesis in HUVEC treated with a mixture of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha.
Methods: Isolated HUVECs were grown to confluence and treated with IFN-gamma (300 units/mL) and TNF-alpha (300 units/mL) for 16 h in order to stimulate BH4 biosynthesis. The BH4 levels were measured by HPLC. The mRNA expression of GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), the rate-limiting enzyme of BH4 biosynthesis, and GTPCH feedback regulatory protein (GFRP) were quantified by real-time PCR. The GTPCH protein expression was assessed by western blot analysis.
Results: Cilostazol significantly reduced the BH4 levels in cytokine-stimulated HUVEC. Cilostazol produced a concomitant increase in the cAMP levels in HUVEC. Cilostazol decreased the GTPCH activity as well as the expression of GTPCH mRNA and protein. 8-bromo-cAMP (8Br-cAMP), a cell-permeable cAMP analogue, did not reproduce the effects of cilostazol. Cilostazol did not affect the cytokine-induced inhibition of GFRP mRNA expression.
Conclusions: We conclude that cilostazol inhibited cytokine-stimulated BH4 biosynthesis via a cAMP-independent mechanism in HUVEC. Our data indicate that cilostazol reduced GTPCH activity and did so by suppressing the GTPCH protein levels.