Background: Despite recent studies reporting on the results of prospective intentional sublobar resection for patients with small non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), few studies have investigated predictors for prognosis or recurrence exclusively in patients undergoing intentional sublobar resection. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 223 patients with small (2 cm or less) peripheral NSCLC who underwent intentional segmentectomy at the Niigata Cancer Center Hospital between 1992 and 2009. The significant demographic, clinical, and pathologic factors identified with the log rank test in univariate analyses were analyzed with the Cox proportional hazards regression model to examine independent predictors for prognosis and recurrence in multivariate analysis. Results: The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates were 89.6% and 81.0%, respectively, and the 5-year and 10-year recurrence-free probabilities were 91.1% and 91.1%, respectively. Eight patients had locoregional recurrence, and 12 had distant recurrence. Multivariate analyses revealed that age more than 70 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.389), male (HR 2.750), more than 75% consolidation/tumor ratio on high-resolution computed tomography (HR 2.750), and lymphatic permeation (HR 5.618) were independent poor prognostic factors, and lymphatic permeation (HR 16.257) was an independent predictor for recurrence. Conclusions: The factors related to upstaging on pathologic diagnosis were not identified as independent predictors
therefore, the current patient selection criterion seems reasonable. If lymphatic permeation is present on pathologic findings, careful follow-up is recommended. The predictors identified in this study will support assessment and interpretation of the results of ongoing prospective randomized trials of lobar versus sublobar resection in patients with small peripheral NSCLC. © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.