The integration of kindergartens and day care centers is a crucial issue in early childhood care and education. In 2006, new-type qualified institutions opened for young children. They are supposed to offer not only care, but also education, even for children whose mothers are not working. This study investigated the history of the dual systems for early childhood care and education, and examined the needs of children and their parents. The results suggest that the government plans to reduce the cost of care and education for young children, especially the cost of care through the new system. Integrated institutions could have positive effect for children and their families, if they would offer high quality services for care and education.