We have previously shown that autophagy is required for post meiotic anther development including programmed cell death-mediated degradation of the tapetum and pollen maturation in rice. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of autophagy in the tapetum remain poorly understood. We here established an in vivo imaging technique to analyze the dynamics of autophagy in rice tapetum cells by expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged AtATG8, a marker for autophagosomes. 3D-imaging analysis revealed that the number of autophagosomes/autophagy-related structures is extremely low at the tetrad stage (stage 8), and autophagy is dramatically induced at the uninucleate stages (stage 9-10) throughout the tapetal cells during anther development. The present monitoring system for autophagy offers a powerful tool to analyze the regulation of autophagy in rice tapetal cells during pollen maturation.