The vaccination rates of Japanese people travelling abroad are still relatively low compared to travelers from Europe and the U.S. The following 3 causes are considered to contribute to the low vaccination rates among Japanese. First point is the lack of attention to the prevention of diseases during overseas travel in Japanese people. Second point is the limited number of healthcare facilities where Japanese overseas travelers can receive vaccinations. Third, many vaccines administered to travelers are still unapproved in Japan. However, there appear to be recent developments in each matter. With these social changes, the vaccination rate should be improved by disseminating recognition of the importance of the travel medicine in Japan. This report summarizes the present situation of vaccination of Japanese overseas travelers and discusses the challenges to improving vaccination rates. (C) 2015, Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.