<p>Various mechanical components are subjected to random multiaxial vibration. For their safe and effective operation, it is essential to precisely evaluate the fatigue strength of the materials under multiaxial random vibration. However, the mechanisms and evaluation methods remain unclear. In this study, we performed the multiaxial random vibration experiments using aluminum alloy A5056 specimens in order to discuss a method for evaluating the vibration fatigue strength of materials. The multiaxial random vibration experiments were conducted at an acceleration input of 70 G_rms within a frequency band of 10–5000 Hz under a nitrogen gas environment at a room temperature. During the multiaxial random vibration experiments the strains of the specimen were measured using 3-axis and 1-axis strain gauges and the maximum principal strains and their directions of a fracture part were estimated. Based on the results, the method for evaluating the vibration fatigue strength of materials was discussed.</p>