Various types of endohedral fullerene complexes are known to date. The well known metallofullerenes are generally produced by arc-discharge method, but the use of such extremely drastic conditions is apparently not suitable for encapsulation of unstable molecules or gases. We recently succeeded in incorporation of a H2 molecule or an Ar atom in 100% into a C 60. In order to observe the endohedral gas molecule directly, the X-ray diffraction analysis using synchrotron radiation were carried out. We observed a gas molecule encapsulated in each fullerene cage using structure analysis and the maximum entropy method. These gas molecules are floating inside of the hollow cavities and are completely isolated from the outside. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.