The physical features, life styles and living space of residents in 19 nursing homes for the elderly and 18 health care facilities in Niigata prefecture were investigated by means of questionnaire and reports of residents' thermal sensations. The actual conditions of thermal environment in the residents' room was clarified by the measurement in one nursing home for the elderly. The following results were obtained. 1) The metabolic rate of residents in their room is 1met. 2) The height of living space of residents is from floor to 1.1m height including a measuring point at about 0.6m high. 3) The vertical distribution of room air temperature is not obviously shown in summer, and vertical and horizontal distributions were respectively different in heating methods. 4) The globe temperatures varies with room's direction and shading conditions from sunshine. 5) The room humidity causes infections of cold and influenza, and skin trouble in summer and winter.