論文

査読有り 筆頭著者 責任著者
2015年1月21日

Quasi-Nambu-Goldstone modes in nonrelativistic systems

Physical Review D
  • Muneto Nitta
  • ,
  • Daisuke A. Takahashi

91
2
開始ページ
025018
終了ページ
記述言語
英語
掲載種別
研究論文(学術雑誌)
DOI
10.1103/PhysRevD.91.025018
出版者・発行元
American Physical Society

When a continuous symmetry is spontaneously broken in nonrelativistic systems, there appear either type-I or type-II Nambu-Goldstone modes (NGMs) with linear or quadratic dispersion relations, respectively. When the equation of motion or the potential term has an enhanced symmetry larger than that of Lagrangian or Hamiltonian, there can appear quasi-NGMs if it is spontaneously broken. We construct a theory to count the numbers of type-I and type-II quasi-NGMs and NGMs, when the potential term has a symmetry of a noncompact group. We show that the counting rule based on the Watanabe-Brauner matrix is valid only in the absence of quasi-NGMs because of non-Hermitian generators, while that based on the Gram matrix [D.A. Takahashi and M. Nitta, Ann. Phys. (Amsterdam) 354, 101 (2015)] is still valid in the presence of quasi-NGMs. We show that there exist two types of type-II gapless modes, a genuine NGM generated by two conventional zero modes (ZMs) originated from the Lagrangian symmetry, and quasi-NGM generated by a coupling of one conventional ZM and one quasi-ZM, which is originated from the enhanced symmetry, or two quasi-ZMs. We find that, depending on the moduli, some NGMs can change to quasi-NGMs and vice versa with preserving the total number of gapless modes. The dispersion relations are systematically calculated by a perturbation theory. The general result is illustrated by the complex linear O(N) model, containing the two types of type-II gapless modes and exhibiting the change between NGMs and quasi-NGMs.

リンク情報
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.025018
J-GLOBAL
https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=201502216689529641
URL
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3640
ID情報
  • DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevD.91.025018
  • ISSN : 1550-2368
  • ISSN : 1550-7998
  • J-Global ID : 201502216689529641
  • ORCIDのPut Code : 33229323
  • SCOPUS ID : 84921455626

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