The paper reassesses the work of Uxtanes of Sebasteia as a source written by an Armenian priest in Sebasteia under the Byzantine rule in 980s. According to Stepanos Taroneci and other sources, there were social and religious tensions between Byzantines and Armenians in the city, as a result of the simultaneous progress of the influx of Armenians and the reinforcement of the Byzantine military presence. This led to the interactions among Byzantines and Armenians several ways. As a strong anti-Chalcedonianist, Uxtanes tried to reflect his antagonism in his description of the Roman past in Part One of his work (on the history of Armenians until fifth century). But at the same time, he is keen to underline the presence of the Armenians who work with Romans. This is also the projection of the situation surrounding him. There were also Armenians who tried to approach the Byzantine rule in the tenth century. Uxtanes is of course criticising them, but in doing so he implies their presence. Thus, Uxtanes' work can be an important clue to understand the multiple interactions among Byzantines and Armenians in the frontier, during the age of the Byzantine eastward movement.